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New research could explain why individuals with mental illness often develop drug and alcohol addiction.
Addiction of all types - to nicotine, alcohol and drugs - is often found in people with a wide variety of mental illnesses, including anxiety disorders, unipolar and bipolar depression, schizophrenia, and borderline and other personality disorders.
The study published in the December Behavioral Neuroscience, published by the American Psychological Association (APA), looked at the changes in the amygdala, a walnut-shaped part of the brain linked to fear, anxiety and other emotions.
A team at the Indiana University medical school compared the adult mood- and drug-related behavior of two groups of adult rats: those whose amygdalas were surgically damaged in infancy and those whose amygdalas were left intact but who underwent a sham surgery, to equalize their treatment.
The rats with damaged (lesioned) amygdalas did not show the normal caution, they moved significantly more in response to novelty, showed significantly less fear in an elevated maze, and kept socialising even when exposed to the scent of a predator.
"Crucially, these same rats also were significantly more sensitive to cocaine after just one exposure. And rats given repeated cocaine injections later showed even stronger expressions of the enduring changes in behavior - suggesting an overall hypersensitivity to the addictive process," the scientists said in a statement.
From the tests the scientists concluded that someone's greater vulnerability to addiction, "rather than a given drug's ability to alter the symptoms of mental illness for better or worse (usually worse), more fully explains the high rates of dual diagnosis".
Lead report author Andrew Chambers said that in order to improve the effectiveness of treatments for dual diagnosis educators, counsellors, physicians, and scientific researchers should integrate insights into both mental health and addiction.
Funding the simultaneous treatment of both disorders would also help, he said, given that "dual-diagnosis cases are the mainstream among these patients, probably because addiction and mental illness are strongly linked by neurobiology".
Article published on 04/12/2007 by DryOutNow.com
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